Why are palindromes important to genetic engineers

Palindromic sequences are typically 3 to 5 bases in length. Importance of this sequence is that it reads the same in both directions. Restriction enzymes recognize and make a cut within specific palindromic sequences, known as restriction sites, in the DNA. This is usually a 4- or 6 base pair sequence. A Substring is called special palindromic substring if all the characters in the substring are same or only the middle character is different for odd length.

Enzymes such as restriction enzymes have to recognize a very specific sequence in order to carry out its task. It binds to the DNA only in one specific configuration. DNA is double stranded, so it has 'two sides' to which the enzyme can bind. A palindromic sequence is the same backwards and forwards on both sides see image below. This means that the enzyme recognizes the sequence no matter from which side the enzyme approaches the DNA.

A palindromic sequence also increases the chance that both strands of DNA are cut. It is even possible that two enzymes work as a dimer to cut the palindromic sequence, further increasing efficiency. The last reason has been important in the struggle between viruses and bacteria. Bacteria have evolved to 'disable' bacteria-targeting viruses bacteriophages using restriction enzymes that bind to these palindromic sequences. Other questions on the subject: Biology. Biology, Asap what occurs after cytokinesis is completed at the end of meiosis 1?

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